This comparative study explores the educational achievement, personality traits, and nutritional status among primary school students attending government and non-government schools in Uttar Pradesh, India. Utilizing a sample of 400 students, the study employs standardized assessment tools to measure academic performance, personality dimensions using the Big Five traits model, and nutritional health indicators. Preliminary findings reveal significant disparities between the two school types. Students from non-government schools exhibit higher academic achievement and more favorable personality traits, particularly in conscientiousness and openness, compared to their government school counterparts. Additionally, a notable difference in nutritional status is observed, with government school students displaying higher rates of nutritional deficiencies. These variations underscore the influence of socio-economic factors and institutional quality on educational outcomes. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions to bridge these gaps, suggesting enhancements in school resources, teacher training, and nutritional programs in government schools to improve educational equity and student development in Uttar Pradesh.