Land acquisition has significant socio-legal implications, particularly in the context of rural and urban development. This paper explores the complexities surrounding land acquisition in India, focusing on the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (RFCTLARR Act). It examines the historical context, legal frameworks, social impacts, and the ongoing challenges faced by affected communities. By analyzing both rural and urban perspectives, this research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how land acquisition affects livelihoods, social structures, and legal rights.