This study explores the evolution of public health campaigns in Telangana, focusing on the impact of vaccination drives and disease control measures from 1947 to 2021. Over these decades, Telangana has witnessed significant improvements in public health outcomes, largely due to the implementation of targeted vaccination programs and disease control initiatives. The research traces the early challenges faced in the post-independence period, the development of public health infrastructure in the 1970s and 1980s, and the expansion of major public health campaigns in the 1990s and 2000s. The study also examines the modernization of public health strategies in the 2010s, including the use of digital technologies and the state’s response to emerging diseases like COVID-19. The findings highlight the effectiveness of these initiatives in reducing the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases and managing public health crises. However, ongoing challenges, such as addressing health disparities and emerging health threats, are also discussed, underscoring the need for continued investment and innovation in public health.