The success of India's freedom struggle hinged on resolute people's participation and sacrifices against foreign rule, a sentiment profoundly exemplified in Andhra Pradesh. Following Justice Fazal Ali's States' Reorganisation Commission, the state emerged in 1956, uniting Telangana, coastal Andhra, and Rayalaseema, each with distinct historical legacies. Historical disparities continue to shape the socio-political landscape, particularly in caste dynamics and mobilization. Colonial modernity's opportunities emboldened lower caste and peasant movements, challenging Brahminical dominance. The consolidation of non-Brahmin groups, like Reddis and Kammas, reshaped politics, with agrarian control underpinning their influence. The Velamas, Rajus, and Kapus, though smaller in number, hold political significance. The State's Other Backward Castes (OBCs), comprising 46.1% of the population, wield substantial influence. The present paper analyses the historical context, caste complexities, and evolving social forces collectively illuminate Andhra Pradesh's enduring impact on the broader narrative of India's struggle for freedom and socio-political transformation.