Japanese multinational corporations (MNCs) in India must employ adaptive leadership strategies to effectively handle unexpected global challenges. With greater flexibility to adjust to new opportunities and challenges, adaptive leadership enables leaders to successfully manage changes, promote innovation, and propel success in the quickly changing environment. Emphasizing the value of developing a culture that promotes ongoing learning, experimentation, and creativity, Indian MNCs have been successful in setting up conditions that allow their leaders to remain flexible and adjust to the quickly shifting global landscape. Adaptive leadership is widely recognized as being necessary to address the growing difficulty of global challenges, underscoring its applicability in the face of unforeseen global challenges. Thus, the history of adaptive leadership highlights how crucial it is to help multinational corporations (MNCs) navigate unexpected global challenges in India's fast-paced business environment.