The end of the neolithic phase marks the end of the stone age and the beginning of the Protohistoric period, a period which is characterized by the use of chalcolithic weapons, the tools were made of copper in addition of lithic (Stone). The term chalcolithic is a combination of two words word chalco (copper) and lithic means (stone) was derived from the Greek language. .In general the Neolithic/Chalcolithic phase in the Indian subcontinent was characterized by sedentary settlements, domesticated plants and animals, Ground and chipped stone industry with a microlithic component, restricted use of copper technology, hand-made and wheel-made plain and painted pottery and also Black-and-Red ware, a mixed subsistence based on farming, stock raising and limited hunting and gathering. The chalcolithic culture was rural. People lived generally in mud houses which were plastered with cow dung. There walls of these houses were found, which were made with mud or mud bricks in villages. They were farmers and cultivated land and domesticated animals. Their economy was based on agriculture. The main crops of the chalcolithic age was wheat and barley. The people used to cultivate gram, lentil, green- gram, urad, wheat and barley. The people of Ahar culture domesticated the cattle, buffalo, sheep, Cow, goat and dog. They hunted animals like barasingha (swamp deer) fowl, deer, and caught fish, turtle and birds. The main tools and weapons of this early farming communities of chalcolithic culture was stone tools such as polished stone axe, blade, flakes and they also used copper or low grade bronze. The people of Ahar and adjacent chalcolithic, mostly used stone and copper objects but they also used low grade bronze and iron. A Khetri mine was located in the Ahar region of Rajasthan. The copper is the characteristic feature of Ahar Culture and adjacent region of chalcolithic age .The people of Ahar were related to rural farming communities.