This research paper examines the role of literature in the social reform movement led by Mahatma Jotirao Phule in 19th century Maharashtra, India. It analyzes how Phule utilized various literary forms as powerful tools for social critique, ideological dissemination, and catalyzing social change. The study explores Phule's major works, including "Gulamgiri" (Slavery), "Shetkaryacha Asud" (Cultivator's Whipcord), and "Sarvajanik Satyadharma Pustak" (The Book of True Faith), to demonstrate how he challenged caste hierarchy, Brahminical dominance, and gender inequalities through his writings. The paper argues that Phule's innovative use of vernacular language, reinterpretation of mythology, and incorporation of rationalist ideas in his literature were instrumental in reaching and influencing a wider audience, particularly the marginalized sections of society. By contextualizing Phule's literary works within the broader framework of social reform movements in colonial India, this research highlights the transformative power of literature in shaping public opinion and driving ideological change.