The relationship between law and medicine has evolved significantly, particularly in the realm of criminal justice, where medical evidence plays a crucial role in solving legal issues. This research paper explores the interplay between these two fields, with a focus on the types, importance, and legal framework governing medical evidence in India. The Indian Evidence Act of 1872 and other legal provisions regulate the use of oral and documentary medical evidence, such as expert testimony and medical certificates, in court proceedings. The paper highlights the role of scientific methods, like DNA profiling and forensic analysis, in enhancing legal processes and examines the admissibility and reliability of medical evidence in criminal investigations. Through case studies and judicial precedents, it evaluates the challenges associated with the use of medical evidence, including the issuance of false certificates, and calls for a standardized codified procedure for handling such evidence in Indian courts.