This study investigates the challenges faced by goat farmers in the semi-arid regions of Latur and Hingoli districts in Maharashtra, with a focus on understanding the socio-economic and environmental constraints that impact their livelihoods. Goat farming, a vital agricultural activity in these regions, is essential for rural income generation, but farmers face numerous obstacles such as water scarcity, inadequate grazing land, limited veterinary services, and market access. Primary data were collected through surveys and interviews with 200 goat farmers, exploring issues related to animal health, feed availability, economic returns, and the role of government support programs. The findings reveal that farmers struggle with inconsistent water supply, insufficient veterinary care, and fluctuating market prices, which hinder productivity and profitability. Additionally, farmers report limited awareness of advanced farming techniques and government schemes aimed at improving their livelihoods. Despite these challenges, the study also highlights suggestions for improvement, including better infrastructure for water management, access to veterinary services, financial support for fodder and equipment, and enhanced market linkages. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and development practitioners to design targeted interventions to support goat farmers and enhance the sustainability of goat farming in these districts.