IJFANS International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences

ISSN PRINT 2319 1775 Online 2320-7876

Assessment of Water Quality in Paddy Fields in Pedana Mandal, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India, Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

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Sarita Sajja, Pandu. Brahmaji Rao

Abstract

Aims: This study assessed the quality of groundwater in Pedana Mandal, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Additionally, multivariate statistical methods were utilized to identify the potential causes of water contamination. Materials and Methods: The chemical parameters pH, Electrical Conductivity, Chlorides, Sulphates, Nitrates, Total Hardness, Fluorides, Alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron, and Fluoride were analyzed using water samples collected from 29 randomly selected sampling locations. Results: According to hadrochemical properties, the groundwater in the research region was typically fresh, hard, and alkaline. All chemical indicators were well within the permissible limits of the Bureau of Indian Regulations/World Health Organization drinking water quality standards. Several statistically significant associations (P 0.01 and P 0.05) were identified by multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), ANOVA, and Pearson correlation matrix, performed on the given data. In addition, PCA analysis showed two PCs as being responsible for the data structure and accounting for 75.5 percent of the total variance in water quality. PCA revealed that the majority of the water quality fluctuations were caused by agricultural discharges. Conclusions: These findings demonstrated that the majority of water pollution originated from home wastewater and agricultural runoff. From the current findings, it can be assumed that water contamination has happened to some degree throughout the region and is expected to continue shortly. The improvement of the local sanitation infrastructure and the implementation of frequent training and awareness programs can aid in the improvement of water quality in the area under study.

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