This paper examines the multifaceted effects of tariffs and non-tariff barriers (NTBs) on global trade dynamics, highlighting their implications for economies, industries, and consumers. Tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods, can lead to increased prices for consumers and diminished market access for foreign producers. While they are straightforward and transparent, their implementation often results in retaliation from trading partners, potentially leading to trade wars that can destabilize international relations. On the other hand, non-tariff barriers encompass a broader range of restrictions, including quotas, import licensing, and complex regulatory standards, which can be less visible but equally impactful.