Numerous anatomical and surgical textbooks and studies have extensively investigated and reviewed the ocular artery's anatomy. Its intracranial and extracranial courses, branching, significance for vision, and interactions with diverse intracranial diseases are all interesting points. Reappraising its anatomy from a clinical standpoint is necessary due to advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of some diseases, such as the development of aneurysms, central retinal artery occlusion, and retinoblastoma, as well as the development of new therapeutic modalities, such as superselective catheterization, intra-arterial fibrinolysis, and intra-arterial chemotherapy. This review's objective is to look at the clinical anatomy of the ocular artery and compare it to fresh diagnostic and therapeutic uses.