Education is a fundamental right and a critical driver of socio-economic development. In India, the Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009, marked a significant step toward ensuring free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to 14 years. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of the RTE Act in improving access, equity, and quality of education, particularly for marginalized and underprivileged children. It examines key challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, teacher shortages, socio-economic disparities, and implementation gaps. Additionally, the study explores the role of government policies, judicial interventions, and public-private partnerships in strengthening educational outcomes. Through a comprehensive review of legislative frameworks, statistical data, and case studies, this paper highlights both progress and persistent challenges in achieving universal education in India. The findings suggest that while the RTE Act has led to significant improvements in enrollment rates, further policy reforms and targeted interventions are necessary to enhance educational quality and inclusivity.