One of India's most important economic sectors is the agriculture sector. Approximately two-thirds of India's working class depend solely on agriculture for their livelihood. Nearly 43% of India's land area is dedicated to the agricultural sector. An important factor in the expansion of India's socioeconomic sector is agriculture. A person's emotions, actions, cognitive abilities, and physical health can all be impacted by stress. The body is not immune in any part. "Agrarian anguish" refers to the challenges faced by farmers who rely on rainfall for their farming activities in rainfed areas. The hardship faced by small and marginal farmers in Tamilnadu's Thoothukudi district who grow black matpe beans and millets are examined in this research. One hundred fifty-eight farmers were selected from the total number; 99 of them were small-scale farmers, and 59 of them were marginal farmers. Appropriate statistical techniques are used to calculate the agrarian distress factors among small and marginal farmers. Small and marginal farmers in the study area varied greatly in terms of production as well as how they used other input variables like pesticides and fertilisers. Regarding the following variables, there was no statistically significant difference between small and marginal farmers: seeds, bullock labour, and human labour. This research suggests that marginal farmers have outperformed small farmers in terms of yields per acre and that small farmers were more efficient with inputs like fertilisers and pesticides when cultivating black matpe beans or pulses. Major yield distresses for farmers include institutional, resource, and economic stressors. The study suggested addressing the limitations faced by small and marginal farmers and enhancing basic infrastructure facilities like irrigation supply, market facilities, job opportunities, cold storage, warehouses, etc., in order to raise the degree of livelihood security for these farmers.