A recent development in agricultural biotechnology is transgenic crops. The pros and cons of transgenic crops on the environment are widely debated. Ecosystems and current agricultural management techniques have an impression on the atmosphere. Any additional negative effects of transgenic crops may lessen the benefits of current agricultural practices and raise the background value of any negative effects resulting from new agricultural techniques. Transgenic plant synthesis and release of transgene products via several pathways in soil may lead to their accumulation over threshold levels if they surpass consumption or biodegradation. This could affect the soil ecosystem in both short-term and long-term ways. Transgenic plant effects are also influenced by temporal and spatial environmental factors. Transgenic plants have been demonstrated to release novel proteins into the soil environment, and the variety of species that can utilise these proteins may be impacted by their presence. When transgenic plants are involved, microbial diversity can be changed, although these effects are erratic and fleeting. In addition to plant species and transgene insertion, environmental variables like field site and sample date also have an impact on the microbial populations associated with soil and plants. Plant variety may have an influence on the dynamics of rhizosphere microbial populations, which in turn may affect plant growth, health, and ecosystem sustainability. This is because even small changes in the diversity of the microbial community can have an impact on soil health and ecosystem functioning.