Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential polyunsaturated fats that play a pivotal role in human health. Emerging research suggests that these fatty acids can significantly influence drug efficacy and modulate side effects, making them of considerable interest in pharmacology. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to affect drug pharmacokinetics by altering absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes. For instance, their anti-inflammatory properties can enhance the therapeutic outcomes of anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular drugs while reducing the adverse effects associated with long-term medication use. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids can modulate the function of cell membranes, affecting the binding and activity of various drug receptors. This modulation may lead to increased sensitivity to certain drugs or a reduction in required dosages, thus minimizing side effects. However, the interaction between omega-3 fatty acids and medications can also pose challenges, particularly when it comes to anticoagulants, where an increased risk of bleeding may occur. The therapeutic potential of omega-3 supplementation as an adjunct to conventional drug therapies is promising but requires careful consideration of individual patient profiles and potential drug-nutrient interactions. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids influence drug action and to establish guidelines for their safe and effective use in clinical practice. Understanding these interactions could lead to more personalized and effective treatment strategies, optimizing drug efficacy while minimizing adverse effects.