The growth rate increased from 30 DAS to 90 DAS, but the rate of growth characteristics lags until harvest. Plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches are strongly affected by optimal fertility levels. Phosphorus levels significantly impact plant height, branches, and leaves. The total number of leaves at 30 DAS is essential for photosynthetic production. The surge in branches per plant in crops sown at 60 kg/ha P2O5 could be due to superior temperature and weather conditions at later growth phases. Phosphorus application boosts vegetative growth, increasing siliquae per plant and seed per siliqua. Significant variances exist for 40, 60, and 90 kg P2O5/ha, with 60 and 80 kg P2O5/ha increasing siliquae and seed per siliqua numerically for Pusa Vijay and Pusa Mahak. Pusa Vijay and Pusa Mahak are significant Indian mustard varieties, renowned for their adaptability to diverse agroclimatic conditions and high biomass production. Economic factors, including planting time, phosphate consumption, assortment, gross and net returns, and B:C proportion, significantly impact these varieties. A detailed economic analysis can provide valuable insights into increasing these types.