Migraines are neurological disorder with severe throbbing and pulsing headache, photophobi,nausea,phonophobia and fatigue that negatively affects the quality of life. It affects over 15% of general population.About one third of people with migraine in their lifetime can experience migraine with aura,without aura or chronic migraine .Hormonal changes, stress, weather changes and certain food triggers migraine attacks. Cortical spreading depression activates neuroinflammatory mechanisms that results in trigeminal nerve fiber sensitization which is responsible for intense pain on one side of their head during attack. A number of preclinical and clinical lines of evidence also support the implication of the potent vasodilator and messenger molecule nitric oxide in migraine pathophysiology. Other brain derived molecules are involved in vasodilation of the intracranial vasculature, as well as in the peripheral and central sensitization of the trigeminal system. Migraine is a risk factor for ischemic stroke also. Administration of exogenous hormones may cause worsening of migraine as it may expose migrainous women to an increased risk of cranial vascular diseases. Several studies have explored genetic associations between the functionally important polymorphisms in estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) gene and migraine susceptibility. Life style modification, management of stress along with use of non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs and proper hormone replacement in menopause can help to reduce symptoms associated with migraine.