Water bodies, in their diverse forms – from sprawling lakes to winding rivers and vibrant wetlands – are the lifeblood of our planet. They teem with life, provide essential resources, and regulate our climate. Understanding these complex ecosystems is crucial for their conservation and sustainable use. This is where limnology steps in, offering a comprehensive lens to study the intricate web of interactions within a water body. Limnology, derived from the Greek words for "lake" and "study," delves into the physical, chemical, geological, and biological characteristics of inland waters. It encompasses a vast array of water bodies, from freshwater lakes and rivers to saline wetlands and man-made reservoirs. Limnological studies paint a holistic picture, examining how these various factors influence each other and ultimately shape the aquatic ecosystem. A fundamental aspect of limnology is the categorization of water bodies based on flow. Lentic systems, such as lakes and ponds, exhibit minimal water movement, while lotic systems, like rivers and streams, are characterized by continuous flow. This distinction influences the physical and chemical properties of the water. Lentic systems, for instance, tend to exhibit thermal stratification, with distinct temperature layers influencing oxygen availability and nutrient distribution. Conversely, lotic systems experience constant mixing, leading to a more uniform environment.