Statistical methods play a pivotal role in modern research, offering a robust framework for data analysis, interpretation, and decision-making across various disciplines. This survey article provides an in-depth exploration of the diverse and evolving landscape of statistical methods used in research. We offer a comprehensive overview of key statistical techniques, their applications, and their significance in enhancing the quality and rigor of research studies.The article begins with a brief historical context of statistical methods and their evolution, highlighting their growing importance in the data-driven era. We then categorize and discuss various statistical methods, including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, regression analysis, experimental design, and more. Each category is accompanied by real-world examples illustrating their practical utility in research.