This review investigates the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer potentials of medicinal plants through the evaluation of both crude extracts and purified compounds. Medicinal plants have long been recognized for their diverse bioactive components, which offer promising therapeutic benefits. The antimicrobial activity of these plants involves inhibiting the growth of various pathogens, contributing to their traditional medicinal uses in treating infections. Additionally, their antioxidant properties help mitigate oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, which is crucial for preventing chronic diseases and aging-related conditions. Furthermore, medicinal plants exhibit anticancer activities through mechanisms that include inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and exerting antioxidant effects that protect against carcinogenesis. This review synthesizes current research findings to provide a comprehensive analysis of the bioactive potential of medicinal plants. By examining both crude extracts and purified compounds, it highlights their efficacy and potential applications in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Understanding these properties not only underscores the importance of traditional medicine but also encourages further exploration and development of natural remedies for modern healthcare challenges.