This chapter explores wireless channel modeling and propagation's pivotal role in modern communication, elucidating how electromagnetic waves navigate complex environments. It delves into wave interaction with obstacles, multipath effects, and strategies like fading and diversity for stable signals. Advanced models such as ray tracing and simulations are discussed for various settings, from urban to indoor scenarios. Specific environment modeling tackles challenges in urban, suburban, indoor, rural, and vehicular contexts. Emerging trends like 5G integration, AI-enhanced modeling, and hybrid approaches promise heightened accuracy. The chapter underscores the significance of precise modeling in shaping protocols, optimizing networks, and integrating new technologies. In a world increasingly reliant on wireless connectivity, this journey continues to unlock wireless systems potential.