Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare inflammatory condition of the central nervous system characterized by extensive demyelination and inflammation. Typically triggered by viral infections or vaccines, ADEM can manifest with various neurological symptoms including encephalopathy, motor impairments, and cranial nerve abnormalities. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, neuroimaging findings, and the exclusion of similar conditions. Treatment often involves corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and in some cases, immunosuppressive medications may be necessary. Prognosis varies widely, with many individuals experiencing partial or complete recovery, while others may continue to have neurological deficits or experience disease relapses.