Urbanization in Indian metropolises has had a significant impact on land use patterns, with wide ranging implications for environmental sustainability. This research focuses on the effects of urbanization on sustainable land use, which include agricultural area conversion, the loss of water bodies, and the degradation of vegetation in large Indian cities. In this research, Bangalore, Delhi, Pune, Hyderabad, and other cities’ urbanisation tendencies are studied using secondary data from peer-reviewed publications, government records, and satellite images. The links between environmental deterioration and urbanisation are examined using regression models, correlation analysis, and descriptive statistics. It comes out that the urban development in Landsat images correlated strongly negatively with the preservation of water bodies and plant cover. The report also highlights how the urban heat island effect has worsened due to intense urbanization in places like Lucknow and Bhubaneswar. A second important finding is agricultural land lost in outlying areas as urban growth enlarges the fragmentation of rural landscapes. Based on these findings, the report suggests that sustainable urban planning should be taken into account, including compact urban growth, the enforcement of zoning laws, and green infrastructure being given priority in the urban development. The implications of these findings for the policy have been provided in order to reduce the negative effect of fast urban development in Indian cities on the environment, which contributes to the broader conversation of urbanisation.