OPERATIONAL ISSUES AND STRATEGIES OF THREE PHASE FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTORS FOR ENZYMATIC PRODUCTION OF GLUCONIC ACID

Abstract

Abstract: This review article explores how Three Phase Fluidized Bed Bioreactors (TPFBs) are used to produce gluconic acid, a valuable compound in industries like food and pharmaceuticals. These bioreactors enhance the production process by promoting efficient mixing and better contact between gas, liquid, and solid phases, making them ideal for scaling up production. However, they come with challenges, especially around maintaining enzyme stability, managing mass transfer, and optimizing reactor design. A primary concern is enzyme stability, as enzymes can deactivate in fluidized conditions. To address this, the review suggests using immobilized enzymes, which last longer and perform more consistently. It also recommends adjusting reactor design like changing bed materials and geometry to improve mixing and boost reaction efficiency. To refine production further, computational tools such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and kinetic modelling are suggested. These tools simulate reactor conditions and help fine-tune factors like temperature, pH, and substrate levels, which keep enzymes active and ensure steady gluconic acid yields. Real-time monitoring and process automation are also encouraged to maintain ideal conditions and improve productivity. While the review notes some limitations, such as the approach's broader applicability and coverage of challenges, it shows that fluidized bed bioreactors have great potential for large-scale, cost-effective production of gluconic acid. By addressing these challenges and implementing these strategies, fluidized bed bioreactors could improve both efficiency and reliability in bioprocessing, setting a foundation for advancements in biotechnology.