ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE IN BREAST CANCER
Abstract
Most malignant neoplasms in women, including breast cancer (BrCa), begin in the mammary gland's epithelial tissue. Worldwide, 2,261,419 new cases were anticipated in 2020, making up 11.7% of all cancer cases and resulting in 684,996 fatalities. The mortality rates from BrCa were much greater in industrialized nations than in poorer ones (15.0 vs. 12.8 per 100,000). The majority of instances of breast cancer occur randomly, but around 5–10% are at increased risk due to a genetic predisposition. There is a high death rate and a lack of effective treatments for triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC), a subtype of breast cancer. Based on clinical data, it may be inferred that areas with high rates of Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP) use also have high rates of Estrogen Receptor+ (ER+) breast cancer and low rates of TNBC. Based on these findings, we postulate that OCP usage increases the likelihood of ER+ breast cancer while lowering the likelihood of TNBC. Since EGFR is often expressed by TNBC, we sought to distinguish between the effects of estrogen on the formation of ER+ and triple negative breast cancer tumors in our in-vitro investigation by examining the effects on the respective cancer cell lines. It is well-established that in several models, tumor suppression is the outcome of efficient EGFR degradation. The 155 patients hospitalized with primary invasive breast cancer over the course of three years made up this hospital-based observational human research. Information was gathered on ER, PR, HER2 status, clinical categorization, demographics, reproductive history, and OCP use. Two groups were formed from them. Group 1 consisted of 48 individuals who had previously used OCP, whereas group 2 consisted of 107 patients who had never used OCP. The invitro research used 17β-estradiol (E2) to treat MDA MB-231 cells, and EGFR expression was assessed at various intervals using Cycloheximide chase and western blotting. We used MG-132 to assess the ubiquitination mechanism of EGFR degradation in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Data was examined with the help of SPSS-20.
