Performance Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of a 3.74 kW Commercial Diesel Engine Using Stable Blended Fuels

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition (CI) engine fueled with diesel and ethanol-based substitute fuels formulated with varying proportions of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and biodiesel. The experimental setup involved testing at five brake load levels (no load to 100%) and measuring key parameters such as brake power, fuel consumption, brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust emissions (O₂, CO₂, NO₂, and NO)