NANO SPONGES: INNOVATIONS IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS - A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Abstract

Targeted drug delivery has long been a challenge for researchers aiming to ensure precise drug release at specific sites within the body. The advancement of nanosponges offers a promising solution for targeted drug delivery. In recent years, nanotechnology has garnered significant interest due to its potential to address solubility and bioavailability issues. Nanosponges enable controlled drug release, enhancing bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes. These sponge-like structures, which are tiny (ranging from 250 nm to 1 μm, similar in size to a virus), contain cavities that can hold various hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances. Being biodegradable, nanosponges form a three-dimensional network that gradually degrades in the body, releasing the drug. By modifying their surface properties or incorporating targeting ligands, nanosponges can deliver drugs to specific tissues or cells, minimizing off-target effects. Their controlled release properties also help reduce drug toxicity, improve stability, and extend shelf life.