Socio-Economic and Cultural Issues of the Santals of West Bengal

Abstract

The Santals constitute one of the largest indigenous communities in India, with a significant population in the state of West Bengal. Despite constitutional safeguards and developmental initiatives, the Santals continue to face multiple socio-economic and cultural challenges. This paper examines the major socio-economic conditions, cultural practices, and contemporary issues affecting the Santal community in West Bengal. Using secondary sources such as census data, government reports, and existing literature, the study highlights issues related to education, livelihood, health, land alienation, and cultural transformation. The paper also emphasizes the need for culturally sensitive development policies to ensure inclusive growth and preservation of Santal identity.