This study provides a comprehensive overview of the key factors shaping voter behavior in emerging democracies. Economic factors play a pivotal role, with issues such as poverty, unemployment, and economic inequality influencing voter perceptions of government performance and policy priorities. Political identity, often rooted in ethnicity, religion, or regionalism, shapes voter preferences and party alignments, reflecting historical grievances and group dynamics. Media and information environments, ranging from state-controlled outlets to social media platforms, influence voter opinions and political discourse, impacting electoral outcomes. Political culture, encompassing attitudes towards democracy, participation, and governance, shapes citizen engagement with the political process and perceptions of legitimacy. Institutional factors, including the strength of democratic institutions, electoral systems, and rule of law, influence voter confidence and trust in the electoral process. Social networks and peer influence exert significant sway over voter behavior, with family, community, and peer networks shaping political attitudes and mobilization efforts. Policy preferences, driven by concerns such as healthcare, education, and security, guide voter decision-making, with parties competing on promises to address these issues. Political mobilization and campaigning strategies, including grassroots organizing, rallies, and media campaigns, aim to mobilize support and sway voter opinions. External influences, such as international organizations, foreign governments, and diaspora communities, also shape voter behavior through aid, diplomacy, and advocacy efforts.