Energy sources are the principal source of energy generation in any developing country. Energy sources provide more than 60percent of total of the energy used in the United States. Fuel is sprayed into the combustible chamber of the boiler, where it is burnt at an elevated temp to convert energy into thermal energy. The turbine is supplied with elevated steam, which produces a force on the shaft, causing it to accelerate its evolution. The turbine shaft has a generator at one end that generates power. The power plant has major ecological, soil, and air impacts, as well as a wide range of social implications. The thermal power station is also suspected of releasing a significant amount of mercury and producing a significant amount of fly ash, although both are harmful to the environment. Power plants have already been discovered to hurt the environment in the surrounding area. The release of huge amounts of SOx, SPM, NOx, and RSPM, which scatter across a 25-kilometer radius or cause lung and associated illnesses in humans and animals, is blamed for environmental degradation. Organic material, mineral balance, especially micro but also large micronutrients in plants, soil layers, and structures, including buildings, are all affected by corrosive reactions. The author of this work discusses thermal power plants and their effects on environment. Current study will help in better understanding of what a thermal power plant is and how it affects the environment.