Sexual assault victims may reveal their experiences to a variety of organisations, with the police and medical personnel being the most probable recipients. There are some evidence kinds that can be gathered without the necessity for a forensic medical practitioner prior to a clinical forensic examination. Only medical professionals who have undergone relevant, current, expert theoretical and practical training should conduct a forensic medical examination of a complainant or a suspect if the circumstances surrounding the assault and the necessity for one arise. It is very clear that only a few other criminal offences necessitate the thorough investigation and gathering of forensic evidence that a sexual assault does. The use of forensic evidence in a case can help in the identification of the perpetrator, the exclusion of suspect(s), and the prosecution of the case. The forensic medical examination components covered in this chapter are those that currently vary the most amongst jurisdictions around the globe. Considerations for early evidence collection, using specialised medical examination facilities for sample collection, contamination issues related to evidence collection, and some practical aspects of forensic sampling methods that have evolved given results identified by Forensic Scientists processing evidential samples in sexual assault cases are the main areas of focus of this chapter. There will also be a discussion of some of the issues the provider of forensic science has run into.