Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is defined as a state when an infant is born with a weight less than 2.5 kg. It can be resulted due to various biological, social or environmental factors including nutritional status of household. According to UNICEF, from 2000-2015 about 20 million children were affected by LBW worldwide. Sub Saharan Africa and South Asia holds the major share among which India according to National Family Health Survey-4 report has 18% of its child birth weight as LBW. Methodology: This systematic review study was mainly conducted to evaluate to status of LBW among Indian population and how it is different among tribal and non-tribal population and what are the risk factors associated with it. All published papers are searched from standard databases. Then full text papers were screened and evaluated following PRISMA guideline. A total of 29 (non-tribe=19, Tribe=10) studies were found eligible and included in the present analyses. Result: According to the present review result LBW among Indian population is 30.97%, Tribal population has greater percentage that is 41.96% LBW higher than the non-tribal population (25.73%). The Scheduled tribe mother had two times higher (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.96-2.16) risk of delivering LBW babies. Some of the major risk factors which results into LBW among the population and specially creates more distinction between tribal and non-tribal population are bio-social factors. Conclusion: Mother’s education about proper nutrition is very much needed along with public health interventions to have an overall focus on maternal health as well as social development and welfare programme considering tribal population.