Recent advances in biotechnology have created new opportunities for biomedicine, particularly in the area of human gene editing. Yet, the legal and ethical ramifications of gene editing technology in human genome research have sparked heated controversy. Since there are no worldwide treaties or covenants that govern human gene editing on a global scale, several countries have formed their own domestic legal framework to oversee these technologies. Human gene editing technology has huge potential benefits but it also carries a lot of risks. The formation of legal and policy frameworks is critical in setting the boundaries of permissible and prohibited activity in this field. This article provides an overview of the current International debate on the legal and ethical issues surrounding human gene editing, as well as a review of India’s legal and policy framework. It also makes recommendations and suggestions for enhancing the national legal and policy framework based on strong ethical and legal foundations.