This research paper explores the changing roles of women in ancient and medieval India, focusing on their social, economic, political, and cultural changes from the Vedic period to the Medieval era. It highlights the resilience and agency of women in navigating challenges and limitations. The study uses ancient texts, inscriptions, and historical accounts to reveal the intricate relationship between women's evolving roles and broader societal transformations in Indian history. Women's changing roles not only mirrored these shifts but also significantly influenced the trajectory of Indian civilization. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the historical backdrop to fully understand the challenges and achievements of women who have made a lasting impact on the cultural landscape of India. The aim is to enhance existing knowledge on women's history in ancient and medieval India, shedding light on their evolving roles and lasting impact on society.