The olfactory system plays a crucial role in the survival and behavior of fishes, allowing them to detect and discriminate various chemical cues in their environment. The olfactory mucosa, a specialized tissue within the nasal cavity, serves as the primary site for odor detection in fishes. Understanding the structure, function, and adaptive mechanisms of the olfactory mucosa is essential for elucidating the sensory ecology and evolutionary biology of fishes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current knowledge and recent advancements in the conceptual studies and analysis of olfactory mucosa in selected fish species. We discuss the anatomical organization of the olfactory mucosa, including its cellular composition, morphological adaptations, and physiological processes involved in odor detection and processing. Furthermore, we explore the ecological significance of olfaction in fishes, highlighting its role in foraging, predator avoidance, reproduction, and social behavior. Additionally, we examine the impact of environmental factors, such as pollution and habitat degradation, on the olfactory function of fishes and the potential implications for their survival and conservation. Finally, we outline future research directions and innovative methodologies that can enhance our understanding of olfactory mucosa in fishes, including molecular techniques, neurophysiological recordings, and comparative studies across diverse taxa. By integrating multidisciplinary approaches, this paper aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in fish olfaction and inspire further investigations into this fascinating sensory system.