The present research study was carried out to assess the learning achievement levels of primary school students of Haryana (India). To assess learning achievement of primary school students, a competency based achievement test in mathematics developed by NCERT was adapted by the investigator. To elicit information on demographic variables, Student Personal data sheet was also constructed by the investigator. Percentage analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test were employed for carrying out the analysis of data. Results obtained from analysis illustrated that the learning achievement of primary school students in mathematics (41.23%) was of low level. Since, the effects of primary education on national development are largely a result of the cognitive skills it imparts: literacy (reading & writing), numerical and problem-solving skills, it was recommended that concerted efforts need to be taken to improve the quality of education with a focus on universal achievement.