Food security and sustainable agriculture are vital for India, a nation with over 1.3 billion people and a sizeable agricultural workforce (Tripathy, 2019). With a low score on the Global Hunger Index, India continues to experience significant levels of hunger and malnutrition despite its progress since the Green Revolution. This article explores the connection between sustainable agriculture and food security in India, focusing on issues including population growth, land degradation, water shortages, climate change, and socioeconomic variables that have an impact on smallholder farmers (Dev & Sharma, 2010). Policy and governance issues further complicate the scenario. Technological advancements such as biotechnology and precision farming, regulatory changes that support sustainable practices and water efficiency, and community-based strategies that empower farmers are examples of areas where improvements can be made. Innovative agricultural approaches have the potential to be showcased through successful case studies like the Organic Farming in Sikkim and the Zero Budget Natural Farming in Andhra Pradesh. India can attain a sustainable and food-secure future that will benefit both the present and the future generations by addressing obstacles and grabbing opportunities. It is imperative that the public and private sectors, civic society, and farmers work together.