It is thought that using traditional bulk chemicals in place of their nanoparticulate equivalents, which have superior qualities, can help to solve present problems with mineral bioavailability and absorption, boosting agricultural output, lowering fertiliser waste, and saving the environment. Colonization of the plant surface, increased enzyme activity, and increased production of secondary metabolites necessary for rhizosphere competence are all factors in plant health. Thus, it was believed that green synthesis was a critical tool for mitigating the detrimental consequences of conventional nanoparticle synthesis techniques, which are frequently used in research and industry. Gold (Au), silver (Ag), noble metals (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO) are examples of metals and metallic compounds that can be manufactured using biological extracts, and we have explored the fundamental principles and techniques of various synthesis techniques for them in this article (ZnO). Meanwhile, though, the mechanisms underlying synthesis and characterization of NPs will remain a mystery. Although many studies have not examined green-synthesized nanoparticles (GNPs) for the presence of extract-derived chemicals, many studies have proven the polymerization of sugars, natural compounds, or antibodies in such biogenic NPs. To make the most out of the green nanotechnology, a detailed overview of the theory of green synthesis and a high- throughput evaluation of the effect of the binding agent on the thermodynamic features of GNPs are necessary.