The Municipal Solid Waste management sector is evolving rapidly with new principles of sustainability and technological advancements. The Government of India’s flagship scheme Swachh Bharat Mission launched on October 2, 2014 has brought Municipal Solid Waste Management to the forefront of governance. It is an accepted fact that the increasing pace of urbanization in India, along with economic growth and improved living standards has added pressure to already strained capacities of Rural Local Governing Bodies to manage the increasing quantities of municipal waste generated daily. One of the major fallouts of this growth has been the challenge of scientific management of the Municipal Solid Waste generated in rural areas of India. To achieve the cleanliness targets in a time-bound manner and with utmost efficiency, all stakeholders must have general awareness of the physical characteristics of waste, basic principles of waste management, modern waste management technologies and best practices of the waste management sector.