Nanotechnology has enabled significant progress in biomedical research. Ranging from diagnostics to therapeutics, nanomaterials have been widely exploited in the fields of biomedicine and bioengineering. Nanoparticles (NPs) offer great promise for biomedical, environmental, and clinical applications due to their several unique properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. The past few decades have witnessed the development of several nanomaterials for bringing out the best results in the field of medical diagnosis. However, despite possessing extremely unique material properties, many of them lack surface heterogenic reactivity, which is a crucial factor for the specific binding of biomarkers on the nanomaterial surface. Nanotechnology has broad implications across multiple industries, including electronics, medicine, materials science, and energy, and it holds great potential for revolutionizing technology and addressing some of the world's most pressing challenges. This field has opened up new possibilities for creating innovative materials, devices, and systems with unprecedented precision and logicality. Understanding their properties promotes research in the medical and biological sciences and improves their applicability in the health management sector. The significant role medical diagnostics play in everyday life (for example, the new generation of glucose testing for diabetics) is a direct result of the understanding of biomolecular recognition events and the ability to manipulate them in useful, easy-to-use devices.