In this study, we examined the potential applications of damage correlation indices, which are frequency-domain-based correlation techniques, to impact damage detection in reinforced concrete columns. In order to simulate the consequences of medium-sized cars striking bridge piers, researchers developed a unique ultra-high drop hammer experiment approach, hitting four scaled-down reinforced concrete pier components. The members' frequency response functions were assessed both before and after the injury using an acceleration acquisition device. The trials demonstrated that the damage correlation indexes (DCI) that took into consideration the multi-order modal frequencies accurately determined the damage levels of the piers. Furthermore, an impact finite element model and a modal analysis approach were built using the commercial programme LS-DYNA, and both were matched with the experiments. The simulation of the impact processes between medium-sized cars and reinforced concrete piers was conducted by matching the experimental data with the setting of the finite element parameters. To guarantee that structural design requirements are fulfilled, a peak impact force (PIF) formula for vehicle crash scenarios was provided, based on damage indices.