Nearly half of all deaths among children below five years in low and middle income countries are a result of undernutrition. Globally in 2020, 149 million under five years children were estimated to be stunted (too short for age), 45 million were estimated to be wasted (too thin for height). The aim of present review paper was to examine previous studies to determine the factors associated with undernutrition especially in Indian context. The PubMed and google scholar data base were used to search the studies conducted between 2010 to 2021. The studies were searched by using a combinations of key words related to determinants of undernutrition. Among the studies retrieved from the google scholar and PubMed database, three studies were conducted in Andhra Pradesh, two were in Nepal, two were in Karnataka, and one study each in Pondicherry, Tamilanadu, Assam, West Bengal, Kerala, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jammu, Luck now (Uttar Pradesh), Pune, Haryana, Gujarat, and Tribal areas of India. The sample size of these studies ranged between 150 to 14,587 above children. The factors associated with undernutrition were found to be socio - economic status, mother’s education, diarrhoea, feeding practices, Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI), mother’s nutritional status, and health of child. Child’s birth weight and birth order, type of feeding of the children were also found to be contributing factors towards child undernutrition. Mother’s education was reported in majority of the studies as the determinant of undernutrition among children. Providing nutrition education to mothers will help to improve nutritional status of mothers as well as their wards.