Plastic pollution occurs when artificial plastic products accumulate in the environment to the point that they damage wildlife, ecosystems, and human populations. As the world's capacity to cope with the fast-growing creation of throwaway plastic goods outperforms the world's authority to deal with it, plastic pollution has become one of the most critical environmental challenges. Most plastics take a long time to degrade because their chemical structures make them resistant to many natural breakdown processes. These two elements have resulted in a large amount of plastic pollution in the environment, which is affecting human health. As the world's population expands, so does desire for plastic, which is manufactured without regard for the environmental effects of its handling and disposal. Organic polymers derived from petroleum-based chemicals are used to make the majority of today's plastics. Plastic trash is currently one of the most serious environmental problems of our day, with manufacturing exceeding nearly every other substance. The magnitude of the task is intimidating. Plastic pollution, as well as its causes and preventative techniques, are the focus of the research. As scientists work to build polymers manufactured from biologically based compounds, things will alter in the future.