Sherman Alexie’s novels document his progression and maturity of ideas. While deeply rooted anger and bitterness drive his earlier works, such as Indian Killer, his more recent works such as Flight deal with anger, racism, and violence in a much wiser and thoughtful manner. Alexie even acknowledges this fact in an interview where he claims writing Flight as an antidote for writing Indian Killer, regretting writing such a violent book that is in his current opinion “a very fundamentalist, binary book, the product of youthful rage” (Jaggi 1). He also discusses in an interview on National Public Radio how his shift in tone has gained him recent criticism. When discussing the optimistic ending