Researchers in India have long been interested in depression as a disease. A large number of studies from India have been published in the last 50-60 years, addressing various aspects of this widely prevalent disorder. Major depression is a mental illness marked by feelings of inadequacy, despair, reduced activity, pessimism, anhedonia, and sorrow, which significantly disrupt and negatively impact a person's life, sometimes to the point that suicide is tried or occurs. The quest for a deeper knowledge of the causes of depression, as well as the discovery of new effective therapies, is crucial. Stress seems to be a significant mediator in the pathophysiology of depression, according to clinical and preclinical research.