The main elements driving the direction and development of agricultural research include advances in science and technology, as well as worldwide urbanization. Food preferences have shifted as per capita wealth in emerging countries has increased, as have vocational shifts and global connections. These developments, along with rising population, represent a challenge to agriculture's ability to provide more and better food. Agriculture's production can be increased by using traditional farming methods, however this has a limit. The environmental danger posed by reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides for productivity and pest control, respectively, is a significant restriction impacting worldwide food supply. These patterns indicate that new agricultural innovations will be required in the near future, and that these technologies should be incorporated into mainstream agriculture. Vertical farming and organic farming are two study topics that are being pursued in order to overcome these limitations. Vertical farming involves stacking farms vertically to maximize output on limited plots of land. Furthermore, this method is ideally adapted for the constantly increasing global urban population since food supply needs can be fulfilled from inside cities, lowering transportation costs and minimizing the environmental damage caused by fuels in the process. Organic farming, on the other hand, is founded on principles of reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and is therefore environmentally beneficial. As a result, these methods may be used to boost output and productivity in order to satisfy rising food demand.