The field of cancer treatment has undergone substantial transformation in recent decades, experiencing notable progress in the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. This abstract provides an overview of the progression from monoclonal antibodies to immunotherapy in the realm of cancer treatment. Monoclonal antibodies initially hailed for their specificity and efficacy in targeting cancer cells, paved the way for the development of more sophisticated immunotherapeutic approaches. Immunotherapy, harnessing body's own immune system to combat cancer, has emerged as a promising avenue for personalized cancer treatment. Key milestones in the development of monoclonal antibodies, including rituximab and Trastuzumab, underscore the transformative impact of targeted therapies on patient outcomes. Furthermore, the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab, represents a paradigm shift in cancer therapy, offering durable responses and improved survival rates across various malignancies. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including immune-related adverse events and treatment resistance. Future directions in targeted cancer therapies focus on refining patient selection criteria, elucidating mechanisms of resistance, and exploring novel combination strategies to optimize therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, the journey from monoclonal antibodies to immunotherapy epitomizes the relentless pursuit of precision medicine in oncology, offering renewed hope for patients battling cancer.