Microbial cultures, also known as microbiological cultures, are used to cultivate microorganisms in a controlled laboratory setting. Microbial cultures are essential diagnostic tools in molecular biology. Microbial cultures identify species, abundance, or both. One of the basic microbiological diagnostic methods used to diagnose infectious disease is letting the agent multiply in a specified medium. Microbial medium contains inorganic salts, carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids and lipids, proteins and peptides, serum, and trace elements. Culture media can also be put into three groups based on how they feel: liquid (broth), solid, and solid. Like synthetic and non-synthetic media, there are three types of microbial cell culture media: general purpose, enrichment, and selective and enrichment. This article is a review of everything there is to know about bacterial cell culture. It shows how to make and store culture media and talks about things like aeration, mixing, and sterilizing that help cultures grow. Microbial fermentor components and operation have also been examined. This contains bacterial culture techniques including batch, feed batch, continuous, and synchronous, as well as relevant figures and diagrams.