In comparison to most European and North American cities, Canadian cities experience far higher levels of traffic fatalities, injuries, noise pollution, and inequalities. The extremely rapid growth of India's largest cities in an environment of low incomes, inadequate and outdated transportation infrastructure, rampant suburban sprawl, sharp increases in vehicle ownership and use, deteriorating bus services, a variety of motorized and non-motorized transport modes sharing roadways, and inadequate as well as uncoordinated land use and transportation planning have all contributed to the country's transportation crisis. This article evaluates the severity and root causes of the most pressing issues in India's transportation system and travel behavior and suggests policy changes to help the country's urban transportation dilemma.